Culture and health-seeking behaviour
Core meaning: Culture shapes beliefs about illness, acceptable treatment, food, gender roles and help-seeking.
Step-by-step learning
Ask how the client explains the illness.
Language, cost, distance, discrimination and family decision-making.
Preserve safe practices and modify harmful ones.
Use interpreters and simple language.
Check adherence and follow-up.
Key points to remember
- Avoid stereotyping.
- Cultural competence requires humility and self-awareness.
- Traditional healers may influence delay or acceptance of referral.
- Culture mainly affects which aspect of care?
- What is the safest response to a harmless ritual?
- Discuss cultural influences on health-seeking behaviour in Nepal.
- Explain culturally competent nursing care.
Determinants of health
Core meaning: Health is influenced by socioeconomic status, education, politics, gender, physical environment and sociocultural background.
Step-by-step learning
Name the factor influencing the outcome.
Show how it affects exposure, access or behaviour.
Look for inequity.
Combine clinical and social measures.
Compare coverage and outcomes.
Key points to remember
- Income affects nutrition and access.
- Education improves health literacy.
- Gender norms may delay care.
- Geography affects referral time.
- Politics influences policy and resource allocation.
- Which is a social determinant of health?
- What is the second delay in maternal care?
- Analyse determinants of maternal health in mountain districts.
- Explain how education and gender affect health outcomes.
Social problems in Nepal
Core meaning: Population growth, migration, poverty, unemployment, substance use, suicide, prostitution, violence, child exploitation, gender bias and trafficking affect health.
Step-by-step learning
Use a public-health and rights perspective.
Economic, social, family and policy factors.
Disease, injury, stigma and service burden.
Primary, secondary and tertiary actions.
Health, police, legal and social services where required.
Key points to remember
- Use trauma-informed and nonjudgmental care.
- Suicide risk requires direct assessment and immediate safety.
- Child abuse and trafficking require safeguarding and legal reporting according to law.
- Which is an immediate priority in suicidal intent?
- What is a protective factor against substance misuse?
- Discuss suicide as a social and public-health problem.
- Explain the nurse’s role in prevention of gender-based violence and trafficking.
Psychology applied to nursing
Core meaning: Psychology helps nurses understand behaviour, emotions, adaptation, motivation and communication.
Step-by-step learning
Note verbal and nonverbal responses.
Biological, psychological and social influences.
Intensity, trigger and coping.
Empathy, active listening and open questions.
Relaxation, problem-solving and referral.
Key points to remember
- Behaviour has multiple causes.
- Emotional development changes across the lifespan.
- Suppression, denial and projection are defence mechanisms.
- Which technique is therapeutic communication?
- What is projection?
- Describe characteristics and causes of human behaviour.
- Explain emotional development and methods of emotional control.