History and changing concepts of community health nursing
Core meaning: Community health nursing combines nursing and public-health principles for populations.
Step-by-step learning
From home care and maternal-child services toward comprehensive PHC.
Health and illness exist on a changing continuum.
Individual, family, group and community.
Promotion, protection, early action and rehabilitation.
Reach underserved populations.
Key points to remember
- Community health nursing is population-focused.
- PHC emphasises equity, participation and appropriate technology.
- What distinguishes community health nursing?
- Discuss the history and changing concept of community health nursing in Nepal.
Determinants and responsibilities for health
Core meaning: Health responsibility is shared by individuals, families, communities and government.
Step-by-step learning
Healthy behaviour and timely care.
Support, resources and care decisions.
Participation and local action.
Accessible quality services.
Policy, financing and regulation.
Key points to remember
- Responsibility does not remove the state’s duty to ensure access.
- Social determinants shape individual choice.
- Who shares responsibility for community health?
- Explain responsibilities of individual, family, group and community.
Primary health care
Core meaning: PHC is essential health care made universally accessible through participation and affordable methods.
Step-by-step learning
Prioritise need and underserved groups.
People help assess, plan and act.
Health works with education, water, agriculture and others.
Effective, affordable and acceptable.
Promotion and first-contact care.
Key points to remember
- Know principles and elements separately.
- Referral connects PHC with higher care.
- Which is a PHC principle?
- What is appropriate technology?
- Define PHC and explain its principles and elements.